Science and Technology

Engineers develop a way to determine how the surfaces of materials behave

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Researchers devised a machine-learning-based method to investigate how materials behave at their surfaces. The approach could help with developing new compounds or alloys for use as catalysts, semiconductors, or battery components.

Giant doubts about giant exomoons

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
The extrasolar planets Kepler-1625b and Kepler-1708b are supposedly the home worlds of the first known exomoons. A new study now comes to a different conclusion.

Three proposals from researchers to meet EU climate goals

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
The ability to meet EU climate goals is enhanced by investing in new technologies that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Although it is currently unprofitable for both companies and countries to do so, there are solutions to make it financially viable.

Promising new gene therapy approach for genetic heart disease: clinical trials imminent

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Researchers have laid the foundation for the development of a gene therapy for the genetic heart disease arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Their approach, based on replacement of the PKP2 gene, led to significant structural and functional improvements in laboratory models of the disease.

Study: International scientists believe lack of women in physics tied to personal preference, but viewpoint ignores gender norms

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Fewer women pursue careers in physics than biology, and scientists from around the world believe these differences come down to personal preferences, according to a new study of international scientists. The study's researchers warn that merely chalking this imbalance up to individual choice may diminish the push for gender equality in the sciences.

Using machine learning to monitor driver 'workload' could help improve road safety

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Researchers have developed an adaptable algorithm that could improve road safety by predicting when drivers are able to safely interact with in-vehicle systems or receive messages, such as traffic alerts, incoming calls or driving directions.

Children born moderately early are at an increased risk of developmental disorders

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Children born between 32 and 38 weeks' gestation are more likely to have developmental disorders -- such as language delay, cognitive impairment, ADHD and Cerebral palsy -- compared with children born at full term, according to a major new study.

Manipulation of gut microbiota with flaxseed could reduce breast cancer risk

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
A new study demonstrates that the human gut microbiome may be a factor in breast health. 

Having a C-section is related to difficulties with conceiving

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Women who delivered their previous pregnancy by C-section spent a longer time trying to conceive their next pregnancy. Additionally, women who spent a longer time trying to conceive their current pregnancy were more likely to deliver by C-section. The authors concluded that differences in time spent trying to conceive are unlikely to be due to the surgical procedure itself.

How ChatGPT could help first responders during natural disasters

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Researchers train AI to accurately recognize addresses and other location descriptions in Hurricane Harvey social media posts.

Early life gene epimutation may cause breast cancer

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Research reveals that around 20 per cent of all cases of the most severe form of breast cancer may arise from the small group of normal tissue cells carrying an epimutation of a specific gene, called BRCA1. 

Ex-entrepreneurs can thrive in the right employee roles

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Once an entrepreneur always an entrepreneur? Not necessarily, says a new study. Former entrepreneurs can transition from being their own boss into successful employees within an organization, especially in roles that harness their entrepreneurial spirit, according to a recent study.

Magnetization by laser pulse

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
To magnetize an iron nail, one simply has to stroke its surface several times with a bar magnet. Yet, there is a much more unusual method: A team has discovered some time ago that a certain iron alloy can be magnetized with ultrashort laser pulses.

Growing biofilms actively alter host environment

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Dental plaque, gut bacteria and the slippery sheen on river rocks are all examples of biofilms, organized communities of microorganisms that colonize our bodies and the world around us. A new study reveals exactly how growing biofilms shape their environments and fine-tune their internal architecture to fit their surroundings. The findings may have implications for a wide variety of applications, from fighting disease to engineering new types of living active materials.

Polaritons open up a new lane on the semiconductor highway

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
On the highway of heat transfer, thermal energy is moved by way of quantum particles called phonons. But at the nanoscale of today's most cutting-edge semiconductors, those phonons don't remove enough heat. That's why researchers are focused on opening a new nanoscale lane on the heat transfer highway by using hybrid quasiparticles called 'polaritons.'

Specific genetic variant may help prevent obesity

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
A preclinical study shows that a specific human genetic variant of a receptor that stimulates insulin release may help individuals be more resistant to obesity. The researchers discovered that this variant behaves differently in the cell which may contribute to more efficient metabolism.

Urbanization increases seasonal differences in plant-pollinator networks

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Increasing urbanization worldwide is a growing threat to biodiversity. At the same time, flowering plants are often more diverse in cities than in the countryside. This is due to flowering plants and agricultural crops, which are increasingly being grown in cities. A recent study shows that the interactions between plants and pollinators, which are important for agricultural production, are surprisingly dynamic. For example, the plant and bee species involved in pollination vary greatly between the seasons.

Use of anticoagulant drug after aortic valve replacement lowers mortality risk

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Patients who received the anticoagulant drug warfarin after bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement had lower incidence of mortality and a decreased risk of blood clots, according to a retrospective study.

Ancient DNA analysis reveals how the rise and fall of the Roman Empire shifted populations in the Balkans

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
Despite the Roman Empire's extensive military and cultural influence on the nearby Balkan peninsula, a DNA analysis of individuals who lived in the region between 1 and 1000 CE found no genetic evidence of Iron Age Italian ancestry. Instead, a new study has revealed successive waves of migrations from Western Anatolia, central and northern Europe, and the Pontic-Kazakh Steppe during the Empire's reign.

Diabetes drug may reduce risk for colorectal cancer

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
A groundbreaking study suggests a class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes may also reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The findings support the need for clinical trials to determine whether these medications could prevent one of the deadliest types of cancers. Eventually, the medications may also show promise in warding off other types of cancer associated with obesity and diabetes.

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