Science and Technology

In a doughnut in Japan, unlocking the power of the Sun

The Hindu:Science - 22/02/2024
Nuclear fusion involves combining two atomic nuclei instead of splitting one, generating vast amounts of energy

Open Day at Institute of Astrophysics in Bengaluru on February 25

The Hindu:Science - 22/02/2024
IIA will organise an open day at its campus in Koramangala from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Scientists discover the anatomy behind the songs of baleen whales

The Hindu:Science - 22/02/2024
Baleen whales use a larynx, or voice box, anatomically modified to enable underwater vocalisation, researchers say

Biggest Holocene volcano eruption found by seabed survey

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
A detailed survey of the volcanic underwater deposits around the Kikai caldera in Japan clarified the deposition mechanisms as well as the event's magnitude. As a result, the research team found that the event 7,300 years ago was the largest volcanic eruption in the Holocene by far.

New realistic computer model will help robots collect Moon dust

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
A new computer model mimics Moon dust so well that it could lead to smoother and safer Lunar robot teleoperations.

Ahead of Gaganyaan, ISRO CE-20 engine already has a notable legacy

The Hindu:Science - 22/02/2024
The engine’s features were instrumental to India’s progress towards self-sufficiency in launch capabilities and lowering launch costs

Modeling tree masting

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
The effects of a phenomenon called tree masting on ecosystems and food webs can be better understood thanks to new theoretical models validated by real world observations.

Scientists discover link between leaky gut and accelerated biological aging

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
A professor has demonstrated a connection between viral damage to the gut and premature biological aging.

Method identified to double computer processing speeds

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
Scientists introduce what they call 'simultaneous and heterogeneous multithreading' or SHMT. This system doubles computer processing speeds with existing hardware by simultaneously using graphics processing units (GPUs), hardware accelerators for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), or digital signal processing units to process information.

Researchers develop molecules for a new class of antibiotics that can overcome drug resistant bacteria

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
About a decade ago, researchers began to observe a recurring challenge in their research: Some of the compounds they were developing to harness energy from bacteria were instead killing the microbes. Not good if the objective of the project was to harness the metabolism of living bacteria to produce electricity.

Muscle as a heart-health predictor

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
Study shows greater muscle area in men leads increased risk of heart disease; it's different for muscle density.

TB vaccine shrinks liver cancer tumors in mice

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
Could the TB vaccine be a new immunotherapy for liver cancer? A study found that the century-old vaccine reduced tumors and extended survival for mice with liver cancer.

Physicists discover a quantum state with a new type of emergent particles: Six-flux composite fermions

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
Physicists have reported a new fractional quantum Hall state that is very different from all other known fractional states and will invoke the existence of a new type of emergent particle, which they are calling six-flux composite fermions.

Climate change could push bowhead whales to cross paths with shipping traffic

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
The population of bowhead whales that migrates between the Bering and Beaufort Seas each year is a conservation success story, with today's population nearing -- if not exceeding -- pre-commercial whaling numbers. But climate change is shifting the whales' feeding grounds and migration patterns, potentially pushing them to spend more time in the paths of oncoming ships, according to a new study.

High resolution techniques reveal clues in 3.5 billion-year-old biomass

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
To learn about the first organisms on our planet, researchers have to analyze the rocks of the early Earth. These can only be found in a few places on the surface of the Earth. The Pilbara Craton in Western Australia is one of these rare sites: there are rocks there that are around 3.5 billion years old containing traces of the microorganisms that lived at that time. A research team has now found new clues about the formation and composition of this ancient biomass, providing insights into the earliest ecosystems on Earth.

Air pollution linked to more signs of Alzheimer's in brain

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
People with higher exposure to traffic-related air pollution were more likely to have high amounts of amyloid plaques in their brains associated with Alzheimer's disease after death, according to a new study. Researchers looked at fine particulate matter, PM2.5, which consists of pollutant particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameter suspended in air.

Utah's Bonneville Salt Flats has long been in flux

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
It has been long assumed that Utah's Bonneville Salt Flats was formed as its ancient namesake lake dried up 13,000 years ago. But new research has gutted that narrative, determining these crusts did not form until several thousand years after Lake Bonneville disappeared, which could have important implications for managing this feature that has been shrinking for decades to the dismay of the racing community and others who revere the saline pan 100 miles west of Salt Lake City. Relying on radiocarbon analysis of pollen found in salt cores, the study concludes the salt began accumulating between 5,400 and 3,500 years ago, demonstrating how this geological feature is not a permanent fixture on the landscape.

Does Russia stand to benefit from climate change?

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
There exists a narrative about climate change that says there are winners and losers -- with Russia being one of the countries that stand to benefit from its effects. In a new study, researchers found that Russia is suffering from a variety of climate change impacts and is ill-prepared to mitigate or adapt to those climate impacts. And, as the rest of the world transitions to renewable energy sources, Russia's fossil-fuel-dependent government is not willing or ready to make alternative plans for the country, changes that could potentially benefit the whole of their society.

New detection method aims to warn of landslide tsunamis

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
Researchers have devised a way to remotely detect large landslides within minutes of occurrence and to quickly determine whether they are close to open water and present a tsunami hazard.

Little groundwater recharge in ancient Mars aquifer, according to new models

Science Daily - 22/02/2024
Mars was once a wet world. The geological record of the Red Planet shows evidence for water flowing on the surface -- from river deltas to valleys carved by massive flash floods. But a new study shows that no matter how much rainfall fell on the surface of ancient Mars, very little of it seeped into an aquifer in the planet's southern highlands.

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