Science and Technology

Structure of a central component of the human immune system revealed

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
An international team of researchers has visualized the structure of the so-called ASC speck.

How immune cells recognize their enemies

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
In order for immune cells to do their job, they need to know against whom they should direct their attack. Research teams a have identified new details in this process.

First observation of structures resulting from 3D domain swapping in antibody light chains

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
Antibodies hold promise as therapeutic agents. However, their tendency to aggregate poses significant challenges to drug development. In a groundbreaking study, researchers now provide novel insights into the structure formed due to 3D domain swapping of the antibody light chain, the part of the antibody contributing to antigen binding. Their findings are expected to lead to improvements in antibody quality and the development of novel drugs.

Scholars say it's time to declare a new epoch on the moon, the 'lunar Anthropocene'

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
According to anthropologists and geologists, it's time to acknowledge humans have become the dominant force shaping the moon's environment by declaring a new geological epoch for the moon: the Lunar Anthropocene. They argue the new epoch may have dawned in 1959 when the USSR's unmanned spacecraft Luna 2 alighted on the lunar surface.

Engineers design a robotic replica of the heart's right chamber

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
Engineers developed a robotic replica of the heart's right ventricle, which mimics the beating and blood-pumping action of live hearts. The device could be used for studying right ventricle disorders and testing devices and therapies aimed at treating those disorders.

Adapting to hypoxia: Zooplankton influence the efficiency of the biological carbon pump in the Humboldt Current off Peru

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
Marine organisms play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Phytoplankton absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and sequester it in organic matter that sinks to the deep ocean where it can be stored for long periods of time. Until now, this process -- the biological carbon pump -- was thought to be particularly efficient in oxygen-poor areas. A new study suggests that the influence of certain zooplankton species on the biological carbon pump has been underestimated.

New cause of diabetes discovered, offering potential target for new classes of drugs to treat the disease

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
Researchers have identified an enzyme that blocks insulin produced in the body -- a discovery that could provide a new target to treat diabetes. The study focuses on nitric oxide, a compound that dilates blood vessels, improves memory, fights infection and stimulates the release of hormones, among other functions. How nitric oxide performs these activities had long been a mystery.

New genes can arise from nothing

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
The complexity of living organisms is encoded within their genes, but where do these genes come from? Researchers resolved outstanding questions regarding the origin of small regulatory genes, and described a mechanism that creates their DNA palindromes. Under suitable circumstances, these palindromes evolve into microRNA genes.

New insights into Zebra mussel attachment fibers offer potential solutions to combat invasive species, develop sustainable materials

Science Daily - 09/12/2023
A recent study has revealed that an unlikely event, occurring over 12 million years ago played an important role in shaping one of Canada's most damaging invasive species. Zebra and quagga mussels, belonging to the Dreissenid family, are widespread freshwater invasive species throughout North America that present a significant danger to native ecosystems by competing for resources. Using a fibrous anchor called a byssus, Dreissenid mussels contribute to biofouling on surfaces and obstruct intake structures in power stations and water treatment plants.

A fork in the 'rhod': Researchers unveil comprehensive collection of rhodamine-based fluorescent dyes

Science Daily - 08/12/2023
After more than a decade of developing fluorescent probes, a research team has now released the culmination of their years of work: A comprehensive collection of rhodamine-based dyes, the novel chemistry they developed to synthesize them and insights that provide a roadmap for designing future probes.

Controversial claims about extinct humans are stirring up evolution research

The Hindu:Science - 08/12/2023
Some scientists have argued the small-brained H. naledi buried their dead in Rising Star Cave in South Africa more than 240,000 years ago, and may also have decorated the cave walls with engravings. But not all are convinced

Payload onboard Aditya-L1 captures full-disk images of the Sun

The Hindu:Science - 08/12/2023
It added that the SUIT observations will help scientists study the dynamic coupling of the magnetized solar atmosphere and assist them in placing tight constraints on the effects of solar radiation on Earth’s climate

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